[274] An upgrade plan was initiated in 2006, targeted at increasing the capacity of the airport to handle up to 40 million passengers annually[275] and the new terminal T2 was opened in February 2014. Sixteen major languages of India are spoken in Mumbai, with the most common being Marathi and its dialect East Indian; as well as Hindi, Gujarati and English. In the Lok Sabha discussions in 1955, the Congress party demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state. Services are provided by both government agencies as well as private partners. This was approved by the Government of Maharashtra in August 1979. With the addition of a 14.96- sq-km patch of lush mangrove, the city’s total area is now 473.28 sq km. eastern to Madh Marve on the western front. [331] The oldest Muslim communities in Mumbai include the Dawoodi Bohras, Ismaili Khojas, and Konkani Muslims. Mumbai is the birthplace of Indian cinema[336]—Dadasaheb Phalke laid the foundations with silent movies followed by Marathi talkies—and the oldest film broadcast took place in the early 20th century. They were subsequently scrapped due to lack of adequate infrastructure. [66][67], In the 3rd century BCE, the islands formed part of the Maurya Empire, during its expansion in the south, ruled by the Buddhist emperor Ashoka of Magadha. A colloquial form of Hindi, known as Bambaiya – a blend of Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, Konkani, Urdu, Indian English and some invented words – is spoken on the streets. It was ranked 10th among the top Universities of India by QS in 2013. [97] However, Salsette, Bassein, Mazagaon, Parel, Worli, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala still remained under Portuguese possession. [392][393] The Sir J. J. In the late 1960s, Nariman Point and Cuffe Parade were reclaimed and developed. With the Treaty of Surat (1775), the British formally gained control of Salsette and Bassein, resulting in the First Anglo-Maratha War. [379], The University of Mumbai is one of the premier[380] universities in India. [345] A week-long annual fair known as Bandra Fair, starting on the following Sunday after 8 September, is celebrated by people of all faiths, to commemorate the Nativity of Mary, mother of Jesus, on 8 September.[346]. [110] [302] Mumbai, along with the area served by telephone exchanges in Navi Mumbai and Kalyan is classified as a Metro telecom circle. Mumbai's suburban district occupies most of the island. On 1 October 1990, the Greater Bombay district was bifurcated to form two revenue districts namely, Bombay City and Bombay Suburban, though they continued to be administered by same Municipal Administration. [112] The British were able to secure Salsette from the Marathas without violence through the Treaty of Purandar (1776),[113] and later through the Treaty of Salbai (1782), signed to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War. The maximum annual rainfall ever recorded was 3,452 mm (136 in) for 1954. Sq.Ft. [281] It handles 55–60% of the country's total containerised cargo. The English were in constant struggle with the Portuguese vying for hegemony over Bombay, as they recognised its strategic natural harbour and its natural isolation from land attacks. [16][17] It has the highest number of millionaires and billionaires among all cities in India. When the Elite Football League of India was introduced in August 2011, Mumbai was noted as one of eight cities to be awarded a team for the inaugural season. Developing over a period of about 20 years, it consists of nine municipal corporations and fifteen smaller municipal councils. Navi Mumbai is east of Thane Creek and Thane is north of Vasai Creek. The number of households with annual incomes of 2 million rupees will increase from 4% to 10% by 2020, amounting to 660,000 families. In the 2019 national election, all six parliamentary constituencies were won by the BJP and Shiv Sena in alliance, with both parties winning three seats each. According to the last four national land-area censuses, the size of several states has changed. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}18°58′00″N 72°50′00″E / 18.9667°N 72.8333°E / 18.9667; 72.8333, Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority, City and Industrial Development Corporation, List of metropolitan areas in Asia by population, Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority - Who We Are, "Metropolitan region now covers Palghar, Vasai | Mumbai News - Times of India", "INDIA STATS: Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011", "Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority – About MMR", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region&oldid=999930814, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 January 2021, at 17:44. 16,667 / Sq.Ft ₹ 18,773/Month. ", "51st REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA", "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya", "Sahitya Akademi: awards and fellowships", "Bandra's spirit captured in cakes, tattoos", "MTDC will not pull out of Elephanta, Banganga fests", "The Times of India turns the Times of Colour", "IRS Q2, 2010: Negligible decline of daily readers in Greater Mumbai", "IRS Q2 2010: Publications in Maharashtra see some light", "Public life and voluntary social service organisations", "Bollywood Trawls London for Talent as Students Balk at Banking", "Bollywood filmmakers experimenting with new genre of films", "Mumbai's Film City may be home to world cinema", "Education board tells schools to get state recognition", "mumbai university: Latest News, Videos and mumbai university Photos | Times of India", "Are you cut out for Arts, Science or Commerce? [334], Among minority languages of Maharashtra, Hindi is spoken by 57.78% of the population of suburban Mumbai, Urdu by 32.21% and Gujarati by 31.21%.[335]. ... Click to shortlist. The living space is 4.5 square metres per person. 25,316 / Sq.Ft ₹ 30,037/Month. [27] Along with construction of major roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845, transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. The name Mumbai is derived from Mumbā or Mahā-Ambā—the name of the patron goddess (kuladevata) Mumbadevi of the native Koli community—[38] and ā'ī meaning "mother" in the Marathi language, which is the mother tongue of the Koli people and the official language of Maharashtra. News channels entirely dedicated to Mumbai include Sahara Samay Mumbai. [224][225] A member of the legislative assembly (MLA) to the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) is elected from each of the assembly constituencies. [139], The years from 1990 to 2010 saw an increase in violence and terrorism activities. [355] Adlabs Imagica opened in April 2013 is located near the city of Khopoli off the Mumbai-Pune Expressway. Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC, also known as ST)[251] buses provide intercity transport connecting Mumbai with other towns and cities of Maharashtra and nearby states. km of land area) - India from The World Bank: Data Learn how the World Bank Group is helping countries with COVID-19 (coronavirus). The Mumbai Fire Brigade, under the jurisdiction of the municipal corporation, is headed by the chief fire officer, who is assisted by four deputy chief fire officers and six divisional officers. [363], The wide range of cable channels available includes Zee Marathi, Zee Talkies, ETV Marathi, Star Pravah, Mi Marathi, DD Sahyadri (All Marathi channels), news channels such as ABP Majha, IBN-Lokmat, Zee 24 Taas, sports channels like ESPN, Star Sports, National entertainment channels like Colors, Sony, Zee TV and Star Plus, business news channels like CNBC Awaaz, Zee Business, ET Now and Bloomberg UTV. [142] The three coordinated bomb explosions in July 2011 that occurred at the Opera house, Zaveri Bazaar and Dadar were the latest in the series of terrorist attacks in Mumbai which resulted in 26 deaths and 130 injuries. [259] Mumbai's transport system has been categorised as one of the most congested in the world. [339] Despite most of the professional theatre groups that formed during the British Raj having disbanded by the 1950s, Mumbai has developed a thriving "theatre movement" tradition in Marathi, Hindi, English, and other regional languages. Mumbai has by far the largest number of skyscrapers in India, with 956 existing buildings and 272 under construction as of 2009[update]. [358] Popular Marathi language magazines are Saptahik Sakaal, Grihashobhika, Lokrajya, Lokprabha & Chitralekha. [141] In 2008, a series of ten coordinated attacks by armed terrorists for three days resulted in 173 deaths, 308 injuries, and severe damage to several heritage landmarks and prestigious hotels. [161], Soil cover in the city region is predominantly sandy due to its proximity to the sea. If approved, the track will be clubbed with a theme park and will spread over an area of some 160 to 200 ha (400 to 500 acres). The textile industry in Bombay largely disappeared after the widespread 1982 Great Bombay Textile Strike, in which nearly 250,000 workers in more than 50 textile mills went on strike. [209] The city is divided into seven police zones and seventeen traffic police zones,[150] each headed by a deputy commissioner of police. [89], The Mughal Empire, founded in 1526, was the dominant power in the Indian subcontinent during the mid-16th century. [119], The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 transformed Bombay into one of the largest seaports on the Arabian Sea. [406], In Hockey, Mumbai is home to the Mumbai Marines and Mumbai Magicians in the World Series Hockey and Hockey India League respectively. [254][255], Buses are generally favoured for commuting short to medium distances, while train fares are more economical for longer distance commutes. [42][43] This name possibly originated as the Galician-Portuguese phrase bom baim, meaning "good little bay",[44] and Bombaim is still commonly used in Portuguese. According to BMC (Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation) records, south Mumbai, spread over 68.7 sq. With an area of 4355sq km Mumbai, ‘the city of dreams’ stands in first position in this list. It’s not as simple a concept as some may think of it as. [268] There are five tolled entry points to the city by road. [292] Almost all of Mumbai's daily refuse of 7,800 metric tonnes, of which 40 metric tonnes is plastic waste,[293] is transported to dumping grounds in Gorai in the northwest, Mulund in the northeast, and to the Deonar dumping ground in the east. The remaining areas belong to various Defence establishments, the Mumbai Port Trust, the Atomic Energy Commission and the Borivali National Park, which are out of the jurisdiction of the MCGM. [404] Occasionally, north-east monsoon showers occur in October and November. [228][229][230] In the 2012 municipal corporation elections, out of the 227 seats, the Shiv Sena-BJP alliance secured 107 seats, holding power with the support of independent candidates in the MCGM, while the Congress-NCP alliance bagged 64 seats. [13] As per Indian government population census of 2011, Mumbai was the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.5 million living under Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. MUMBAI: The contours of India's first major smart city are taking shape over a 75 sq km area encompassing seven nodes in Navi Mumbai, and one new township abutting the upcoming airport. The region has an area of 6,355 square kilometers[1] and with a population of over 26 million it is among the most populous metropolitan areas in the world.[2]. [337] Mumbai also has a large number of cinema halls that feature Bollywood, Marathi and Hollywood movies. In the most recent survey result of 2011, the country's total area stands at 32,87,261.713 sq km. [50], The French traveller Louis Rousselet, who visited in 1863 and 1868, states in his book L’Inde des Rajahs, which was first published in 1877: "Etymologists have wrongly derived this name from the Portuguese Bôa Bahia, or (French: "bonne bai", English: "good bay"), not knowing that the tutelar goddess of this island has been, from remote antiquity, Bomba, or Mamba Dévi, and that she still..., possesses a temple". This makes Mumbai a second most populated city in the world which has 12.78 million population. [212] Mumbai also has two lower courts, the small causes court for civil matters, and the sessions court for criminal cases. The rich literary traditions of the city have been highlighted internationally by Booker Prize winners Salman Rushdie, Aravind Adiga. [300], The largest telephone service provider is the state-owned MTNL, which held a monopoly over fixed line and cellular services up until 2000, and provides fixed line as well as mobile WLL services. 400 Sqft. [45] In 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name Tana-Maiambu: Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and Maiambu to Mumbadevi. Of this, the island city spans 67.79 km 2 (26 sq mi), while the suburban district spans 370 km 2 (143 sq mi), together accounting for 437.71 km 2 (169 sq mi) under the administration of Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC). [368] The name Bollywood is a blend of Bombay and Hollywood. Bombay Citizens' Committee, an advocacy group of leading Gujarati industrialists lobbied for Bombay's independent status. [256], The Mumbai Darshan is a tourist bus service which explores numerous tourist attractions in Mumbai. [164] The area is classified as a Seismic Zone III region,[165] which means an earthquake of up to magnitude 6.5 on the Richter magnitude scale may be expected. The two revenue districts of Mumbai come under the jurisdiction of a district collector. [171], The average annual temperature is 27 °C (81 °F), and the average annual precipitation is 2,167 mm (85 in). During the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. [347][349] Public holidays specific to the city and the state include Maharashtra Day on 1 May, to celebrate the formation of Maharashtra state on 1 May 1960,[350][351] and Gudi Padwa which is the New Year's Day for Marathi people. [383] [273] It handled 36.6 million passengers and 694,300 tonnes of cargo during FY 2014–2015. [307] Art Deco styled landmarks can be found along the Marine Drive and west of the Oval Maidan. Visit Now! Mumbai is one of the few cities in the world where over 70 sq km of creeks and mangroves coexist with the city's land mass. Nariman Point and Bandra Kurla Complex (BKC) are Mumbai's major financial centres. [149] Of this, the island city spans 67.79 km2 (26 sq mi), while the suburban district spans 370 km2 (143 sq mi), together accounting for 437.71 km2 (169 sq mi) under the administration of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM). Residents of Mumbai call themselves Mumbaikar,[61] Mumbaiite,[315] Bombayite or Bombaiite. [156] The Sanjay Gandhi National Park (Borivali National Park) is located partly in the Mumbai suburban district, and partly in the Thane district, and it extends over an area of 103.09 km2 (39.80 sq mi). Mumbai lies at the mouth of the Ulhas River on the western coast of India, in the coastal region known as the Konkan. Mumbai City district administers 157 square kilometers of areas. [148] The city district region is also commonly referred to as the Island City or South Mumbai. [96] The Portuguese also built several fortifications around the city like the Bombay Castle, Castella de Aguada (Castelo da Aguada or Bandra Fort), and Madh Fort. km. [290][291], About 700 million litres of water, out of a daily supply of 3500 million litres, is lost by way of water thefts, illegal connections and leakages, per day in Mumbai. [51], By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, and as Bambai in Hindi. It extends from Colaba in the south to Mahim and Sion in the north. It was ranked 41 among the Top 50 Engineering Schools of the world by America's news broadcasting firm Business Insider in 2012 and was the only university in the list from the five emerging BRICS nations viz Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. As per a report by United Nations Habitat Data in 2018, Mumbai is the second most populated city in the world after Bangladesh capital, Dhaka with 44,500 people living in one sq. [152] The MCGM is in charge of the civic and infrastructure needs of the metropolis. In 1999, several members left the Congress to form the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) but later allied with the Congress as part of an alliance known as the Democratic Front. [248] BEST introduced air-conditioned buses in 1998. Its fleet consists of single-decker, double-decker, vestibule, low-floor, disabled-friendly, air-conditioned and Euro III compliant diesel and compressed natural gas powered buses. [372] The schools are affiliated with either of the following boards: The primary education system of the MCGM is the largest urban primary education system in Asia. [301] Mobile phone coverage is extensive, and the main service providers are Vodafone Essar, Airtel, MTNL, Loop Mobile, Reliance Communications, Idea Cellular and Tata Indicom. [202], Greater Mumbai, an area of 603 square kilometres (233 sq mi),[203] consisting of the Mumbai City and Mumbai Suburban districts, extends from Colaba in the south, to Mulund and Dahisar in the north, and Mankhurd in the east. [163] Mumbai sits on a seismically active zone owing to the presence of 23 fault lines in the vicinity. The Tansa lake supplies water to the western suburbs and parts of the island city along the Western Railway. Mumbai also has a special Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (TADA) court for people accused of conspiring and abetting acts of terrorism in the city. [384] Mumbai is the financial, commercial,[29] and the entertainment capital of India. while in the I-League (matches in the city are played at the Cooperage Ground), the city is represented by two teams: Mumbai FC[403] and Air-India. Mumbai had also played host to the Kingfisher Airlines Tennis Open, an International Series tournament of the ATP World Tour, in 2006 and 2007. [160] The eastern coast of Salsette Island is covered with large mangrove swamps, rich in biodiversity, while the western coast is mostly sandy and rocky. [330] Parsis migrated to India from Greater Iran following the Muslim conquest of Persia in the seventh century. Several other Indian language films such as Bengali, Bhojpuri, Gujarati, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu are also occasionally shot in Mumbai. Pleistocene sediments found along the coastal areas around Kandivali in northern Mumbai suggest that the islands were inhabited since the South Asian Stone Age. Mumbai is known to be the financial capital of India. [114], From 1782 onwards, the city was reshaped with large-scale civil engineering projects aimed at merging all the seven islands of Bombay into a single amalgamated mass by way of a causeway called the Hornby Vellard, which was completed by 1784. ", "Soon, computer-aided training for MSRTC drivers", "MSRTC to make long distance travel easier", "NNMT gains from BEST's plan to discontinue AC bus services", "TMT rakes in moolah on new AC bus routes", Metropolitan planning and management in the developing world 1993, "Traffic claims Mumbai darshan hot spots", "Bus Routes Under Bus Rapid Transit System", "7 Questions You Wanted to Ask About the Mumbai Metro", "NH wise Details of NH in respect of Stretches entrusted to NHAI", "India's first international-class expressway is just a month away", "NHAI starts work on Rs 6,672 cr expressway", "MSRDC – Project – Bandra Worli Sea Link", Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation, "28,000 more autos to run riot on MMR streets – Mumbai – DNA", "Mumbai's five gateways may become toll-free", "Only 10 public transport services for every 90 private vehicles in Mumbai", "28,000 more autos to run riot on MMR streets", "Statistics: Mumbai International Airport Limited", "Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (CSIA)- Masterplan", "With maiden Air India flight, T2 opens to public", "Work on Navi Mumbai airport may start next year", "It will be years before Mumbai surmounts its water crisis", "RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT-2005 INFORMATION BOOKLET", "Water contamination complaints double, Bhandup hit hard", "Make way for Mulund, Mumbai's newest hotspot", "Country's first water tunnel to come up in Mumbai", "Now, a toll-free helpline to check water leakage, theft", "To curb power theft, Maharashtra explores underground supply network across state", "Cooking gas cylinders to be sold at petrol pumps", "Piped gas becomes more attractive for the kitchen", "Reliance Offers BlackBerry in India, Vies With Bharti", "Internet surfers: Mumbai scores, Bangalore falls", "Mumbai's entrance -the 'Gateway' to be more tourist-friendly", "Is the world's weirdest property market strangling the city that hosts it? BMC starts to find solution", "Three drown as heavy rain lashes Mumbai for the 3rd day", "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)", "Station: Mumbai (Colaba) Climatological Table 1981–2010", "Table 3 Monthly mean duration of Sun Shine (hours) at different locations in India", "Normals Data: Bombay/Colaba - India Latitude: 18.90°N Longitude: 72.82°E Height: 9 (m)", "Air pollution killed 81,000 in Delhi & Mumbai, cost Rs 70,000 crore in 2015. It sits on Salsette Island (Sashti Island), which it partially shares with the Thane district. "Central Pollution Control Board Air Quality Information. List of cities in India with an area of more than 300 km 2 [120] In September 1896, Bombay was hit by a bubonic plague epidemic where the death toll was estimated at 1,900 people per week. [340][341], Contemporary art is featured in both government-funded art spaces and private commercial galleries. 191 rakes (train-sets) of 9 car and 12 car composition are utilised to run a total of 2,226 train services in the city. Proudly referred as the financial and commercial capital of India, Mumbai houses numerous financial institutions, multinational corporations, scientific and nuclear institutes and cultural organizations. 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Cities in India serve most households 12.78 million population 36.6 million passengers every day in 2007 by local bodies! People living in 1 sq in Asia with a population of Mumbai city district and Mumbai suburban,! Is 19,652 people per sq new city is also the wealthiest, and...