SOURCE: The Forty Years of Guangzhou (1949–1988). : Statistical data were used to test and validate these findings. Greening built-up areas in Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) city clusters. The proportion of wastewater processed up to industrial discharge standards decreased from 30 percent in 1986 to 21 percent in 1994. The many new township enterprises that had emerged in the region had been emitting large quantities of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the air, acidifying the soil. With the transition in market patterns, land use in cities continued to change, and in agricultural areas land was shifted from grain to cash crops. The Forty Years of Guangdong. As this study found in the municipality of Zhuhai, government policies can significantly ameliorate pollution levels. Figure 2.Annual growth rate of urban population in the Bay Area of the New York Bay Area and the Pearl River Delta Bay Area. 14, pp. Rapid urbanization and burgeoning city populations have created demand for infrastructure, building materials, transportation services, housing, and other goods and services associated with urban development. Very detailed demographic data on each municipality and some townships were provided by the national population censuses conducted in 1982 and 1990. Generally, soil quality was improved because the garden land received higher inputs of farmyard manure and more intensive management than the cropland. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008, China witnessed gradual shrinkage of cities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The abundance of employment … Modeling the drivers of urban land use change in the Pearl River Delta, China: Integrating remote sensing with socioeconomic data. SOURCES: Selected Statistical Yearbooks for subregions of Pearl River Delta, 1980–1995. In urban areas intensification has taken the form of significant increases in population density since 1980 ( ~ enlarge ~ ~ enlarge ~ Because most of the farmland and urban areas are situated in the flatlands of the region, it is logical to conclude that most of the expansion of urban areas has taken place at the expense of farmland. 2This phenomenon is explained more fully in Lu Faxi. It increased from about 45 percent of the total workforce in 1982 to about 80 percent in 1995. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008, China witnessed gradual shrinkage of cities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD). 5–30 But by 1995 per capita floor space was about three times that of the 1960s and 1970s ( The Pearl River Delta, in the province of Guangdong, has been China’s manufacturing hub for decades. At the same time, cities faced the problem of providing in-migrants with. Many of the factors that have influenced soil quality in the region over the past two decades are associated with the changing population and consumption patterns. SOURCES: Statistical Yearbooks of Dongguan and Shenzhen (various years). Monitoring population dynamics in the Pearl River Delta from 2000 to 2010. The first is the proportion of population living within the boundaries of cities and towns. Nevertheless, rapid economic growth does not necessarily result in massive degradation of the environment. Chapter 8). Some industries—particularly iron ore, pig iron, raw coal, calcium sulfate ore, phosphate fertilizer, cement, and calcium sulfate—produce considerable quantities of solid and liquid waste. 1. Evolution of the Chicago Landscape: Population Dynamics, Economic Development, and Land Use Change. By 2015, according to World Bank figures, it had become the world's largest urban area in both size and population. Before the economic reforms, Shenzhen and Zhuhai were relatively small agricultural and fishing villages; after the reforms they became large metropolitan areas with millions of residents. This growth, however, has been accompanied by environmental pollution. By 1979, China’s Pearl River Delta had seen little urbanization. Four of the 5 cities on the West Bank of the delta are lagging behind without the strong connections to the markets of HK and The township population in Guangdong Province grew from 6.88 million in 1985 to 40.80 million in 1990, almost a sixfold increase. The censuses included many categories of population variables, such as urban population, rural population, family size, fertility rate, infant mortality, life expectancy, rural to urban migration, and literacy. Nevertheless, Hong Kong has always been a key part of the ecological region of the Pearl River Delta and frequently a destination for out-migrants from the region. Economic Transformation of the Greater Pearl River Delta | 4 RESOLVING TRADE IMBALANCES China’s trade surplus with the U.S., at $273 billion in 2010, 9 is the world’s largest and indicative of an imbalance—the U.S. has been buying cheap goods from China, and China has been accumulating U.S. SOURCES: Urban/built-up: data for 1973 and 1995 are from Landsat images; data for 1982 and 1990 are from field surveys. Rise of manufacturing and service sectors Natural population growth and high fertility rates Reclassification of rural towns as municipalities Rural to urban migration level of Guangdong. Shenzhen became a leader in terms of foreign exchange markets, operation of foreign banks, land reforms, and stock market development. Even for a nation known for eye-popping rates of urbanization, what has happened along China’s Pearl River Delta … Farmland data from Statistical Yearbooks from every city. Figure 9-3). Pearl River Delta economy: an opportunity for all Before 1979, China's Pearl River Delta region was mostly agricultural land. The overall air pollution index in Zhuhai was 44.3 percent lower. In. The Pearl River Delta climate is a humid sub-tropical climate with an average annual temperature of 23°C. By 2015, according to World Bank figures, it had become the world's largest urban area in both size and population. SOURCES: The data for 1973 are from Landsat MMS and for 1995 from TM images; the 1982 data are from a field survey. Areas of greater autonomy included finance and fiscal matters, foreign trade and investment, commerce and distribution, allocation of materials and resources, labor, and prices. The expansion of green space in urban areas is another example of the changes in land use brought by economic development. Also important, compared with cities in the other municipalities, Zhuhai City has a comparatively higher proportion of light industry to heavy industry, which generally leads to lower levels of pollution. Illustrating this trend, from 1978 to 1988 in the counties of Huadu, Conghua, Zengcheng, and Panyu,3 Smaller increases in the permanent population were evident during 1970–1980, until a one-child policy, launched in the early 1980s, led to a decline in birth rates nationwide. First, grains and vegetables were being increasingly fed to animals to produce meat and other animal-related products such as milk. Figure 9-9). 1994. When the “baby boomers” of the 1960s reached employment age in 1980s, the result was a large number of surplus agricultural laborers. Beijing: China Statistical Press. As the Delta area entered the 1980s, the pace increased for all kinds of nonagricultural construction (communications, housing, factories, and recreation). NOTE: Grain yield per unit farmland is a weighted average of various grains. Growing Populations, Changing Landscapes explains how disparate government policies with unintended consequences and globalization effects that link local land-use changes to consumption patterns and labor policies in distant countries can be far more influential than simple numerical population increases. The second factor is that farmers were increasingly able to export their products outside the region. Also under this policy, each enterprise must deposit a certain sum of money in a fund managed by the Environmental Protection Bureau. In addition, paper manufacturing poses one of the greatest pollution threats, and wooden furniture manufacturing results in significant loss of local forests. FIGURE 9-10 Per capita residential floor space, Guangzhou City, 1965–1995. (1995). Pearl River Delta: China’s Biggest Economic Hub. In Guangzhou, known as the “dragon head” of economic development in Pearl River Delta and the whole of China as well, the municipal government allocates a portion of its large fiscal budget to the development and maintenance of green space—lawns, parks, artificial lakes, and squares ( As one of the first four special economic zones designated by the central government, Zhuhai has since August 1980 enjoyed special policies for stimulating economic growth. In 1995 its permanent population density was 743 persons per square kilo-, Conghua City, Guangzhou City, Huadu City, Panyu City, Zengcheng City. SOURCES: Statistical Yearbooks of Dongguan, Foshan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, and Zhuhai. SOURCES: Statistical Yearbooks of Dongguan, Huadu, and Zhongshan (various years). However, the rapid increase of population density in the Pearl River Delta has led to an increase in food demand and severe pressure on fishery resources [24] . The Pearl River Delta grew from 4,500 square kilometres in 2000 to nearly 7,000 sq km in 2010, the analysis found. Additional research findings on the process of land use change emerged from an examination of historical records and physical background information. 1988 This study covers the period before Hong Kong was reunited with the rest of China, and thus Hong Kong is not explicitly studied here. Image ( 1MB ) Download: Download full-size image ; Fig Biggest economic Hub shown Table. Experimentation with a free account to start saving and receiving special member only perks test validate. Indicator can be positively related increased ( FIGURE 9-6 farmland and net migration rates for 1980–1994 FIGURE. District Division of soil Resource development pearl river delta population growth South China ( Table 9-5 ) and nitrogen oxide ( NOX ),... Increasing because of the population of Zhuhai City suggests that rapid economic growth does not necessarily result severe! 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